JNSS 2022, 13(3-4):78-89 | DOI: 10.32725/jnss.2022.009

Prevalence and risk factors for underweight and overweight among the elderly in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

Stephen Olugbenga Odunbaku1,*, Ibiyemi Olasunbo Olayiwola1, Oluseye Olusegun Onabanjo1, Abolanle Olukemi Lasode2, Kolawole Olukunmi Olutayo3, Luqman Adekunle Morakinyo4
1 Federal University of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Human Ecology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
2 Federal University of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Human Ecology, Department of Home Science and Management, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
3 Bells University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Food Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
4 Lead City University, Department of Psychology, Oyo State, Nigeria

Poor nutritional status constitutes a significant risk factor to the onset and worsening of chronic diseases and functional disability in old age. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors for underweight and overweight among the elderly in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria.
The nutritional status of 358 elderly individuals was assessed based on the Body Mass Index criteria. Data on the risk factors for underweight and overweight were collected using a structured questionnaire. Associations were examined using chi square and logistic regression tests at 95% confidence interval.
The prevalence of underweight and overweight were 17% and 24.6%, respectively. The odds for being underweight were significantly associated with older age, low fruit intake and low activity level. Meanwhile, overweight was associated with younger age, female gender, poor knowledge of the food groups, presence of a chronic disease and impaired word recall ability.
The higher prevalence of overweight and its associated factors in this study reaffirm the previous concerns raised on the impending obesity epidemic in the geriatric population. The identified socio-demographic, dietary, psychological, and health-related risk factors should form the basis for personalized nutrition-related interventions aimed at improving elderly nutritional status.

Keywords: Disability; Elderly; Nutritional status; Overweight; Prevalence; Risk factors; Underweight

Received: August 12, 2022; Accepted: October 24, 2022; Published: September 1, 2022  Show citation

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Odunbaku SO, Olayiwola IO, Onabanjo OO, Lasode AO, Olutayo KO, Adekunle Morakinyo L. Prevalence and risk factors for underweight and overweight among the elderly in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Nursing, Social Studies, Public Health and Rehabilitation. 2022;13(3-4):78-89. doi: 10.32725/jnss.2022.009.
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