Journal of Nursing, Social Studies, Public Health and Rehabilitation X:X | DOI: 10.32725/jnss.2026.005

Ergonomic strategies to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in nurses: systematic review

Petra Klanjšek ORCID..., Barbara Kegl ORCID...*
University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia

Introduction: Nurses are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Ergonomic interventions, exercise, and workplace strategies may reduce this risk. This study aimed to identify effective interventions for preventing and managing MSDs and musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among nurses using ergonomic approaches.

Methods: A systematic review of PubMed and CINAHL studies was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating ergonomic approaches were included and assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool.

Results: Several ergonomic and multicomponent interventions were associated with reduced MSP and/or risk indicators among nurses. Educational, exercise, physiotherapy, and CBT components improved posture, strength, and functional outcomes in some studies, although effects varied by setting, intervention type, and measured outcomes. Mechanical lifting devices and digital exercise support were linked to reduced manual handling demands, lower pain and fatigue, and improved perceived safety. Discussion and conclusion: Evidence suggests ergonomic education, structured exercise, and multicomponent workplace programs may reduce MSP and improve physical and psychosocial outcomes among nurses, although findings were heterogeneous. Technological aids may reduce workload and improve safety during patient handling. Small samples, heterogeneous interventions, and short follow-up limit generalizability, highlighting the need for larger trials.

Keywords: Ergonomic interventions; Musculoskeletal pain; Nursing staff; Workplace strategies
Conflicts of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Received: October 30, 2025; Revised: January 21, 2026; Accepted: April 9, 2026; Prepublished online: April 9, 2026 

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